While these awards represent the appreciation of the several juries, taken together there is not the even balancing that might be wished. Some of the principal features were not installed until after the juries were disbanded... The awards, therefore,except in certain cases like Hampton, Tuskegee, Atlanta, etc., do not necessarily represent the strongest features of the exhibit." Ibid, p. 577.

Introduction

1. This quote was widely disseminated through the publication of Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folks (1903), where it begins Chapter II, "The Dawn of Freedom."

2. For background on Dubois the best starting point is his first autobiography, Dusk of Dawn: An Essay Toward and Autobiography of a Race Concept, introduction by Irene Diggs (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1984), which was first published in 1940. A second autobiography which included much of the same material as Dusk of Dawn is The Autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois: A Soliloquy on Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century (New York: International Publishers, 1968). This second autobiography appeared five years after Du Bois died. Thus, he did not have editorial control over its final content.

The major scholarly and biographical studies of Du Bois include: Francis Broderick, W.E.B. Du Bois, Negro Leader in a Time of Crisis (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959); Elliott Rudwick, W.E.B. Du Bois: A Study in Minority Group Leadership (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1960); Elliott Rudwick, W.E.B. Du Bois (New York: Atheneum, 1968); Virginia Hamilton, W.E.B. DuBois (New York: T. Y. Crowell, 1972); Virginia Hamilton, Black Titan: W.E.B. Du Bois (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970); and David Levering Lewis, W. E. B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993).

Du Bois's correspondence has been published in a three volume collection under the title The Correspondence of W.E.B. Du Bois (Amherst: University of Masachusetts Press, 1973-78). Invaluable for any work on Du Bois is Herbert Aptheker's Annotated Bibliography of the Published Writings of W.E.B. Du Bois (Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus-Thomason Organization, 1973).

3. William Edgar Burghardt Du Bois, "The American Negro at Paris," The American Monthly Review of Reviews, Vol. XXII, November 1900, #5, p. 577.

4. Ibid, p. 575.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid, p. 576.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

W. E. B. Du Bois--On The Sociology of American Blacks

1. For background on Du Bois as a sociologist see: W.E.B. Du Bois: On Sociology and the Black Community, edited and with an introduction by Dan S. Green and Edwin d. Driver (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978).

2. W.E.B. Du Bois, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study (1899; New York: Benjamin Blom, 1967).

3. "The Atlanta Conferences," Voice of the Negro (March, 1904): pp. 85-89. Reprinted in W.E.B. Du Bois On Sociology and the Black Community, edited and with an introducation by Dan S. Green and Edwin D. Driver (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978), p. 58. The subjects of the conferences included studies on black business, black artisans, black economic cooperation and social self-improvement organizations, college-educated blacks, public education for blacks, issues related to health, crime and morality in the black community, black family life and the role of black churches. The annual reports from the conference were republished in a multi-volume series in 1969 by Russell & Russell, New York, under the title The Atlantic University Publications.

4. "The Study of Negro Problems," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 11 (January 1898), reprinted in W.E.B. Du Bois on Sociology and the Black Community, edited and with an introduction by Dan S. Green and Edwin D. Driver (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978), p. 70..

5. "The Atlanta Conferences," Voice of the Negro (March, 1904): pp. 85-89. Reprinted in W.E.B. Du Bois On Sociology and the Black Community, p. 53.

5. Du Bois, "The Study of Negro Problems," p. 70.

7. "The Atlanta Conferences," Voice of the Negro (March, 1904): pp. 85-89. Reprinted in W.E.B. Du Bois On Sociology and the Black Community, p. 54.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid, pp. 55-56.

13. Du Bois, "The Study of Negro Problems," p. 71.

14. "The Atlanta Conferences," Voice of the Negro (March, 1904): pp. 85-89. Reprinted in W.E.B. Du Bois On Sociology and the Black Community, p. 55.

According to Du Bois:

...because the subject of amalgamation with black races is a sore point with us, we have hitherto utterly neglected and thrown away every opportunity to study and know this vast mulatto population and have deliberately and doggedly based our statements and conclusions concerning this class upon pure fiction or unvarnished lies. (Ibid, pp. 55-56)

15. W.E.B. Du Bois, "The Conservation of the Races," American Negro Academy, Occasional Papers, No. 2, 1897, reprinted in W.E.B. Du Bois, Writings (New York: The Library of America, 1986), p. 820.

16. Ibid, p. 822.

17. Ibid.

The Georgia Negro Exhibit

1. William Edgar Burghardt Du Bois, The Autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois: A Soliloquy on Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century, pp. 220-221.

2. Ibid, p. 221.

3. Ibid.